不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)中厚板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)是(shi)指厚度4.5-25.0mm的鋼(gang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)分船板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、橋梁(liang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、鍋(guo)爐板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、容器(qi)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)等(deng)，厚度25.0-100.0mm的稱為(wei)(wei)厚板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，厚度超(chao)過100.0mm的為(wei)(wei)特厚板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)。

中厚鋼板的劃分類別

中厚板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)除按(an)尺寸區分(fen)外，還(huan)有按(an)強(qiang)度(du)、化(hua)學成(cheng)分(fen)、用途和(he)交貨狀態(tai)分(fen)類的(de)(de)。按(an)強(qiang)度(du)分(fen)類一般以(yi)抗張強(qiang)度(du)的(de)(de)下限分(fen)級,抗張強(qiang)度(du)50kgf/cm以(yi)上的(de)(de)稱高(gao)強(qiang)度(du)鋼(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)。按(an)化(hua)學成(cheng)分(fen)分(fen)為普(pu)通鋼(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)和(he)特殊鋼(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，后者包(bao)括不銹鋼(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)和(he)復合(he)鋼(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)。按(an)用途大致(zhi)分(fen)為造(zao)船鋼(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、焊(han)接結(jie)構鋼(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、鍋爐和(he)壓力(li)容器鋼(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、低溫鋼(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、耐腐蝕鋼(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、焊(han)管用鋼(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)以(yi)及特殊用途的(de)(de)鋼(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)等。按(an)交貨狀態(tai)分(fen)為軋制鋼(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、熱處理(li)鋼(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)和(he)拋丸、涂層鋼(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)三種，因大型結(jie)構和(he)造(zao)船的(de)(de)需要(yao)，拋丸、涂層鋼(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)產(chan)量，逐年(nian)增加。

中板厚原輔料

中厚(hou)板(ban)(ban)軋機使用的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)料有(you)初軋板(ban)(ban)坯(pi)(pi)(pi)、連(lian)鑄板(ban)(ban)坯(pi)(pi)(pi)、鋼(gang)錠和鍛坯(pi)(pi)(pi)。初軋坯(pi)(pi)(pi)最(zui)(zui)(zui)寬達2300mm，最(zui)(zui)(zui)厚(hou)達 610mm，最(zui)(zui)(zui)重(zhong)達45噸。連(lian)續鑄鋼(gang)技術的(de)(de)(de)發展，不但提(ti)高(gao)(gao)了中厚(hou)板(ban)(ban)車間的(de)(de)(de)成材率，降低了生產成本，而且使鋼(gang)板(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)質量也提(ti)高(gao)(gao)了所以中厚(hou)板(ban)(ban)軋機采(cai)用連(lian)鑄坯(pi)(pi)(pi)的(de)(de)(de)比例不斷上升(sheng),有(you)的(de)(de)(de)已達100％。加(jia)上新工藝的(de)(de)(de)采(cai)用,中厚(hou)板(ban)(ban)軋機從板(ban)(ban)坯(pi)(pi)(pi)到(dao)成品鋼(gang)板(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)成材率有(you)的(de)(de)(de)已達94.2％。如無初軋板(ban)(ban)坯(pi)(pi)(pi)和連(lian)鑄板(ban)(ban)坯(pi)(pi)(pi)，可(ke)用扁鋼(gang)錠作原(yuan)料。只在生產特殊(shu)的(de)(de)(de)中厚(hou)板(ban)(ban)時才用鍛坯(pi)(pi)(pi)作原(yuan)料。

中厚鋼板的生產銷售流量

中厚鋼板(ban)的種植步驟流程(cheng)一(yi)般來說為能默契配合(he)調節(jie)切削，采用了恒溫(wen)入選的調溫(wen)制度的重(zhong)要性(xing)，可減少燃劑耗費(fei)。切削生產工藝分(fen)以下三個過程(cheng)：

成形軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制，消(xiao)除板坯(pi)表(biao)面的影響和提高寬度(du)(du)控制的精(jing)度(du)(du)，沿(yan)板坯(pi)長(chang)度(du)(du)方(fang)向(xiang)或斜向(xiang)進行1～4道軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制。把坯(pi)料軋(ya)(ya)(ya)至(zhi)所(suo)要求(qiu)的厚度(du)(du)。

展寬(kuan)冷軋，這就是中(zhong)鋁(lv)板(ban)不相同于另外的(de)分(fen)類護墻板(ban)冷軋的(de)比較(jiao)重(zhong)要加工過程。為可(ke)達到冷軋機器設備品種所想求的(de)間(jian)距(ju)，熱軋帶鋼轉90°、沿板(ban)寬(kuan)大方向冷軋。

精軋(ya)，展寬(kuan)軋(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)后再轉90°，轉回原坯料長度(du)方(fang)向，軋(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)到成品板(ban)(ban)(ban)厚(hou)度(du)。妥善制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)中厚(hou)板(ban)(ban)(ban)軋(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)藝能(neng)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)軋(ya)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生產能(neng)力、鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量和成材率。要確保鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)直度(du)，除(chu)采(cai)取各種保證板(ban)(ban)(ban)形(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)措施外(wai)，對厚(hou)度(du)40mm以(yi)(yi)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)每塊(kuai)均(jun)需經過(guo)熱矯直，對不平(ping)直的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)冷(leng)(leng)矯直。為冷(leng)(leng)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)切(qie)成品板(ban)(ban)(ban)，鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)要冷(leng)(leng)至 150以(yi)(yi)下，冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)要均(jun)勻，冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)速度(du)應適宜；自從(cong)采(cai)用滾切(qie)式剪(jian)(jian)(jian)機剪(jian)(jian)(jian)切(qie)后，基本上解決了剪(jian)(jian)(jian)彎缺陷問(wen)題；調整剪(jian)(jian)(jian)刃間隙可以(yi)(yi)大大提(ti)(ti)高(gao)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)切(qie)斷(duan)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量。根據鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)質(zhi)量要求，用超聲波進(jin)(jin)行(xing)不同深度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)探(tan)傷，對焊管用板(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)四個板(ban)(ban)(ban)邊(bian)要全面進(jin)(jin)行(xing)探(tan)傷。熱處理時(shi)除(chu)了保證板(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機械性能(neng)外(wai)，還要保證板(ban)(ban)(ban)形(xing)良好。拋丸涂(tu)層(ceng)法多用于生產造船和橋梁用板(ban)(ban)(ban)，拋丸去(qu)除(chu)氧化鐵皮后，再涂(tu)層(ceng)防銹，涂(tu)層(ceng)后應快干。鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)表(biao)面尺寸形(xing)狀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)查主(zhu)要靠人(ren)工(gong)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)，打印標記工(gong)序已實(shi)現機械化，并可由計算機控制(zhi)(zhi)操作。

中板厚的運用

不銹鋼(gang)材料中厚剛板(ban)(ban)(ban)具體(ti)運用(yong)于建(jian)(jian)筑物項目 、物理加工、罐體(ti)加工、建(jian)(jian)船廠、中介造房子(zi)(zi)等。還也可以(yi)是用(yong)來加工各方面罐體(ti)、爐殼、爐板(ban)(ban)(ban)、中介及車(che)(che)子(zi)(zi)靜鋼(gang)剛板(ban)(ban)(ban)、低合金材料鋼(gang)剛板(ban)(ban)(ban)、建(jian)(jian)船廠剛板(ban)(ban)(ban)、蒸(zheng)氣鍋爐剛板(ban)(ban)(ban)、負荷罐體(ti)剛板(ban)(ban)(ban)、紋理剛板(ban)(ban)(ban)、車(che)(che)子(zi)(zi)橫(heng)梁剛板(ban)(ban)(ban)、拖拉(la)機(ji)某類器件及對焊零件等。

（一）造船用鋼板：用于制造海洋及內河(he)船舶船體(ti)，要(yao)(yao)求強度(du)高、塑性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、韌(ren)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、冷彎(wan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能、焊接性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能、耐蝕(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能都(dou)好。如：A32、D32、A36、D36等。鍋爐鋼板（鍋爐板）：用于制造各(ge)種(zhong)鍋爐及重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)附件，由于鍋爐鋼板處于中(zhong)溫（350°C以下）高壓狀態下工作(zuo)，除承受較高壓力外，還受到沖(chong)擊、疲勞載荷及水和(he)氣(qi)腐蝕(shi)，要(yao)(yao)求保證一定強度(du)，還要(yao)(yao)有(you)良好的(de)焊接及冷彎(wan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能，如：304L、316L、2205等。

（二）壓力(li)容器(qi)用鋼板：主要用于制造石油(you)、化(hua)工(gong)(gong)氣(qi)體分離和(he)氣(qi)體儲(chu)運的壓力(li)容器(qi)和(he)其它類似設備，一(yi)般(ban)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)壓力(li)在(zai)常壓到320kg/cm2甚至到630kg/cm2，溫度在(zai)-20-450°C范(fan)圍內工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，要求(qiu)容器(qi)鋼板除具有(you)一(yi)定強度和(he)良好塑性(xing)(xing)和(he)韌性(xing)(xing)外，還必須(xu)有(you)較好冷彎和(he)焊(han)接(jie)性(xing)(xing)能，如(ru)：310S、309S、253MA等。